Usage Checklist

Basic Terminology:

Biodiesel is the pure, or 100%, biodiesel fuel. It is referred to as B100 or 'neat' fuel.

Biodiesel blend is pure biodiesel blended with petrodiesel. Biodiesel blends are referred to as Bxx. The xx indicates the amount of biodiesel in the blend (i.e., a B20 blend is 20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent petrodiesel.)

Ensure the neat biodiesel fuel meets the NBB biodiesel specification for pure biodiesel before blending with petrodiesel.

The specification for biodiesel is designed to ensure that consumers will not experience operational problems from the fuel's use. Make sure that biodiesel meets this specification and that the fuel supplier will warrant this fact. Quality fuel will provide the consumer with improved air quality and enhanced operability. Poor quality fuel will create operability problems and increased maintenance activity. Purchase only qualified fuel from a reputable source.

—Check fuel filters on the vehicles and in the delivery system frequently upon initial biodiesel use and change them as necessary.

Biodiesel and biodiesel blends have excellent solvent properties. In some cases the use of petrodiesel, especially #2 petrodiesel (has not been observed with #1), leaves a deposit in the bottom of fueling lines, tanks, and delivery systems over time. The use of biodiesel can dissolve this sediment and result in the need to change filters more frequently when first using biodiesel until the whole system has been cleaned of the deposits left by the petrodiesel. This some phenomenon has been observed when switching from #2 to #1 petrodiesel.

Be aware of biodiesel's freezing properties and take precautions as with #2 petrodiesel use in cold weather.

A 20 percent blend of biodiesel with petrodiesel raises the freezing properties approximately 3' to 5' F (pour point, cloud point, cold filter plugging point). In most cases, this has not been an issue. Twenty percent biodiesel blends have been used in the upper Wisconsin area and in Iowa during -25' F weather with no problems. Solutions to biodiesel winter operability problems are the same solutions used with conventional #2 petrodiesel (use a pour point depressant, blend with #I diesel, use engine block or fuel filter heaters on the engine, store the vehicles near or in a building, etc.). Neat biodiesel will begin to freeze at about 25' F and, if used or stored on site, will need to be kept in an area that will not get below that temperature. Most underground tanks are around 50°F and are not a problem.

Wipe painted surfaced immediately when using biodiesel.

As mentioned earlier, biodiesel is a good solvent. Biodiesel can, if left on a painted surface long enough, dissolve certain types of paints. Therefore it is recommended to wipe any biodiesel or biodiesel blend spills from painted surfaces immediately.

Store biosiesel or biodiesel blend soaked rages in a safety can to avoid spontaneous combustion.

Biodiesel soaked rags should be stored In a safety can or dried individually to avoid the potential for spontaneous combustion. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and animal fats which can oxidize and degrade over time. The oxidizing process can produce heat. In certain environments, for example, a pile of oil soaked rags can become concentrated enough to result in a spontaneous fire.

Use the biodiesel within one year.

All fuels, Including #2 and #1 petrodiesel, have a shelf life. This is also true with biodiesel and biodiesel blends. Industry experts recommend that biodiesel be used within one year to ensure that the quality of the fuel is maintained. Storage time does not impact biodiesel distribution given biodiesel's productionlogistics. Biodiesel is generally not stored for long periods of time. Production levels and rates are established to meet demand (similar to 'just in time" inventory methods). This is an advantage enjoyed by renewable fuels, like biodiesel, that cannot be shared by its fossil fuel counterparts.

ASTM: What is it?

Technical Definition for Biodiesel (ASTM D 6751) and Biodiesel Blend:
Biodiesel: n—a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of ASTM D 6751.

Biodiesel Blend: —a blend of biodiesel fuel meeting ASTM D 6751 with petroleum-based diesel fuel, designated BXX, where XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.

Biodiesel, as defined in D 6751, is registered with the US EPA as a fuel and a fuel additive under Section 211(b) of the Clean Air Act. Biodiesel is typically produced by a reaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yield mono-alkyl esters and glycerin, which is removed.

Biodiesel Specifications (B100)

December 2001 BIOO Specifications

Biodiesel is defined as the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, for use in compression-ignition (diesel) engines. This specification is for pure (100%) biodiesel prior to use or blending with diesel fuel.#

Property	ASTM Method		Limits		Units
Flash Point	D93		130 min.		Degrees C
Water & Sediment	D2709		0.050 max.		% vol.
Kinematic Viscosity, 40 C	D445		1.9 - 6.0		mm^2/sec.
Sulfated Ash	D874		0.020 max.		% mass
Sulfur S 15 Grade S 500 Grade	D5453		15 max. 500 max.		ppm
Copper Strip Corrosion		D130		No. 3 max.
Cetane		D613		47 min.
Cloud Point	D2500		Report		Degrees C
Carbon Residue 100% sample	D4530**		0.050 max.		% mass
Acid Number	D664		0.80 max.		mg KOH/gm
Free Glycerin	D6584		0.020 max.		% mass
Total Glycerin	D6584		0.240 max.		% mass
Phosphorus Content	D 4951		0.001 max.		% mass
Distillation Temp, Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature, 90% Recovered	D 1160		360 max.		Degrees C

* To meet special operating conditions, modifications of individual limiting requirements may be agreed upon between purchaser, seller and manufacturer.

** The carbon residue shall be run on the 100% sample.

# A considerable amount of experience exists in the US with a 20% blend of biodiesel with 80% diesel fuel (B20). Although biodiesel (B100) can be used, blends of over 20% biodiesel with diesel fuel should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis until further experience is available.

Emmissions of Biodiesel compared to Diesel

Biodiesel is the first and only alternative fuel to have a complete evaluation of emission results and potential health effects submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Clean Air Act Section 211 (b). These programs include the most stringent emissions testing protocols ever required by EPA for certification of fuels or fuel additives in the US. The data gathered through these tests complete the most thorough inventory of the environmental and human health effects attributes that current technology will allow. A survey of the results is provided in the table below.

BIODIESEL EMISSIONS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL DIESEL

Emission Type	B100	B20
Regulated
Total Unburned Hydrocarbons	-67%	-20%
Carbon Monoxide	-48%	-12%
Particulate Matter	-47%	-12%
Nox	+10%	+2%
Non-Regulated
Sulfates	-100%	-20%*
PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)**	-80%	-13%
nPAH (nitrated PAH's) ````**	-90%	-50%***
Ozone potential of speciated HC	-50%	-10%
* Estimated from B100 result
** Average reduction across all compounds measured
*** 2-nitroflourine results were within test method variability

The overall ozone (smog) forming potential of biodiesel is less than diesel fuel. The ozone forming potential of the speciated hydrocarbon emissions was nearly 50 percent less than that measured for diesel fuel.

Sulfur emissions are essentially eliminated with pure biodiesel. The exhaust emissions of sulfur oxides and sulfates (major components of acid rain) from biodiesel were essentially eliminated compared to sulfur oxides and sulfates from diesel.

Criteria pollutants are reduced with biodiesel use. The use of biodiesel in an unmodified Cummins N14 diesel engine resulted in substantial reductions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Emissions of nitrogen oxides were slightly increased.

Carbon Monoxide - The exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (a poisonous gas) from biodiesel were 47 percent lower than carbon monoxide emissions from diesel.

Particulate Matter - Breathing particulate has been shown to be a human health hazard. The exhaust emissions of particulate matter from biodiesel were 47 percent lower than overall particulate matter emissions from diesel,

Hydrocarbons - The exhaust emissions of total hydrocarbons (a contributing factor in the localized formation of smog and ozone) were 67 percent lower for biodiesel than diesel fuel.

Nitrogen Oxides - NOx emissions from biodiesel increase or decrease depending on the engine family and testing procedures. NOx emissions (a contributing factor in the localized formation of smog and ozone) from pure (100%) biodiesel increased in this test by 10 percent. However, biodiesel's lack of sulfur allows the use of NOx control technologies that cannot be used with conventional diesel. So, biodiesel NOx emissions can be effectively managed and efficiently eliminated as a concern of the fuel's use.

Biodiesel reduces the health risks associated with petroleum diesel. Biodiesel emissions showed decreased levels of PAH and nitrited PAH compounds which have been identified as potential cancer causing compounds. In the recent testing, PAH compounds were reduced by 75 to 85 percent, with the exception of benzo(a)anthracene, which was reduced by roughly 50 percent. Targeted nPAH compounds were also reduced dramatically with biodiesel fuel, with 2-nitrofluorene and 1 -nitropyrene reduced by 90 percent, and the rest of the nPAH compounds reduced to only trace levels.

MSDS INFO

Materials Safety Data Sheet SECTION I IDENTITY Trade Name BayBio100 Issued: July 2005 Chemical Identiy: Methyl Esters CAS Number 67762-38-3 SECTION II PHYSICAL DATA
Boiling Point: 760 mm Hg Over 400° F Specific Gravity: (H20 = 1.0) at 25/25 C 0.86 Vapor Pressure: 72° F Less than 1 mm Hg Percent Volatile by Volume (%) Not known Vapor Densisty Not Known Evaporation Rate Not known Solubility in Water 72° F Negligible

^{SECTION III FLAMMABILITY & EXPLOSIVENESS DATA}

^{Flash Point (Method) >300° F (PMCC) Explosive Limits: (Lower) N/A / (Upper) N/A Extinguishing: Media Use CO 2 or dry chemical for small fires. Use foam for large fires. Special Fire Fighting procedures: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing Unusual Fire and Explosive Hazards: Oily rags and other combustibles will start fires due to spontaneous combustion.}

^{Store oily rags and other combustibles only in approved containers.}

^{*Data Supplied is for use only in connection with occupational safety and health.}

^{The submission of the MSDS may be required by law but this is not an assertion that this substance is hazardous when used in accordance with proper safety practices and normal handling procedures.submission of the MSDS may be required by law but this is not an assertion that this substance is hazardous when used in accordance with proper safety practices and normal handling procedures.}

^{SECTION IV HEALTH & SAFETY DATA}

^{Threshold Limit Value Not established}

^{Effects of Overexposure}

^{EYE - Accidental exposure to the eyes may produce a mild but transient irritation.}

^{SKIN - Very mild to no irritation expected.}

^{INHALATION - No harmful effects expected with normal use.}

^{INGESTION - May cause gastrointestinal irritation.}

^{Emergency and First Aid Procedures}

^{EYE - Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.}

^{SKIN - Wash skin with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. Get medical attention if irritation persists.}

^{INHALATION - Remove to fresh air INGESTION - If swallowed, do not induce vomiting. Get medical attention. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.}

^{SECTION V REACTIVITY DATA SE 1885 Stability Unstable Stable X}

^{Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)}

^{Reacts with strong base to produce methanol.}

^{Hazardous Decomposition Products}

^{Does not decompose up to 350° F}

^{Hazardous Polymerization May occur. Will not occur X}

^{SECTION VI SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES}

^{Steps to be taken in case material is released or spilled.}

^{Neutralization not required.}

^{Soak up with absorbent material such as paper, rags, or sawdust.}

^{Dispose as any grease or oily material.}

^{Waste Disposal Method: Dispose of according to Federal, State, and/or local requirements.}

^{SECTION VII PROTECTION INFORMATION}

^{Respiratory Protection A NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator should be used if a mist or vapor is generated.}

^{Ventilation Local Exhaust}

^{Mechanical (General) Acceptable}

^Special

^Other

^{Eye Protection Goggles Protective Gloves - Nitrile}

^{Other Protective Equipment None required.}

^{SECTION VIII PRECAUTIONS}

^{HANDLING AND STORAGE: Can be stored in most common storage vessels including carbon steel, aluminum, fiberglass and stainless steel.}

^{LABELING: None required.}

*The submission of this MSDS may be required by law but this is not an assertion that this substance is hazardous when used in accordance with proper safety practices and normal handling procedures